{"id":25241,"date":"2025-02-10T15:00:57","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T14:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.ulysse.com\/?p=25241"},"modified":"2025-02-09T18:27:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T17:27:15","slug":"plus-grands-lacs-monde-disparu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/plus-grands-lacs-monde-disparu","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019un des plus grands lacs du monde a disparu, laissant un d\u00e9sert toxique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Autrefois le <strong>quatri\u00e8me plus grand lac du monde<\/strong>, la <strong>mer d\u2019Aral<\/strong> a presque totalement disparu. \u00c0 sa place, un <strong>d\u00e9sert toxique<\/strong> s\u2019\u00e9tend, lib\u00e9rant dans l\u2019air des poussi\u00e8res dangereuses pour la sant\u00e9 humaine et l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n<h2>Une \u00e9vaporation progressive jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la disparition<\/h2>\n<p>Situ\u00e9e entre le <strong>Kazakhstan<\/strong> et l\u2019<strong>Ouzb\u00e9kistan<\/strong>, la mer d\u2019Aral couvrait <strong>66 458 km\u00b2<\/strong> dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Aujourd\u2019hui, il n\u2019en reste qu\u2019environ <strong>8 000 km\u00b2<\/strong>. L\u2019<strong>irrigation massive<\/strong> des cultures environnantes a d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 les principaux fleuves alimentant le lac, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant son ass\u00e8chement.<\/p>\n<p>Depuis les ann\u00e9es 2000, l\u2019eau s\u2019est \u00e9vapor\u00e9e \u00e0 une vitesse inqui\u00e9tante, laissant derri\u00e8re elle une immense <strong>plaine d\u00e9sertique<\/strong>. Cet ass\u00e8chement ne marque pas seulement la disparition d\u2019un lac, mais aussi celle de tout un <strong>\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Un d\u00e9sert qui crache de la poussi\u00e8re toxique<\/h2>\n<p>Avec l\u2019eau disparue, le <strong>sable contamin\u00e9<\/strong> du fond de l\u2019ancien lac est d\u00e9sormais expos\u00e9 aux vents. Ces temp\u00eates de <strong>poussi\u00e8res toxiques<\/strong> transportent des r\u00e9sidus de <strong>pesticides<\/strong>, d\u2019<strong>engrais chimiques interdits<\/strong> et m\u00eame des traces de <strong>substances militaires sovi\u00e9tiques<\/strong> utilis\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n<p>Ces particules voyagent sur des centaines de kilom\u00e8tres, d\u00e9gradant <strong>la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air<\/strong> et contaminant <strong>l\u2019eau potable<\/strong>. Elles s\u2019accumulent aussi sur les <strong>glaciers<\/strong>, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant leur fonte et amplifiant le <strong>r\u00e9chauffement climatique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" style=\"background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/DBgU8avN1fn\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\">\n<div style=\"padding: 16px;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;\">\u5728 Instagram \u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5e16\u5b50<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\">\n<div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: auto;\">\n<div style=\"width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;\"><a style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/DBgU8avN1fn\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La Route de Samarcande (@la_route_de_samarcande) \u5206\u4eab\u7684\u5e16\u5b50<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2>Une trag\u00e9die qui menace d\u2019autres lacs<\/h2>\n<p>La <strong>disparition de la mer d\u2019Aral<\/strong> est aujourd\u2019hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019une des <strong>pires catastrophes environnementales modernes<\/strong>. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les Nations unies, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pourrait bient\u00f4t se reproduire ailleurs, notamment en <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/discover.ulysse.com\/ce-pays-dafrique-evince-la-france-et-prend-le-pouvoir-en-thalassotherapie\">Afrique<\/a>, en Europe, au Moyen-Orient et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Le sc\u00e9nario est toujours le m\u00eame : une combinaison de surexploitation des ressources en eau et de changement climatique, menant \u00e0 la disparition progressive des lacs et rivi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<h2>Des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9sastreuses pour les populations<\/h2>\n<p>La disparition de la mer d\u2019Aral affecte <strong>plus de 3 millions de personnes<\/strong> qui d\u00e9pendent encore de son eau pour l\u2019agriculture et leur consommation quotidienne. Le manque d\u2019eau, combin\u00e9 aux temp\u00eates de poussi\u00e8re, entra\u00eene une hausse des maladies respiratoires et une d\u00e9gradation des terres cultivables, aggravant les conditions de vie.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les alertes, les pratiques d\u2019<strong>irrigation intensive<\/strong> continuent, rendant tout <strong>projet de restauration<\/strong> de plus en plus incertain. Selon le m\u00e9dia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/planete\/actualites\/environnement-plus-grands-lacs-monde-transforme-desert-libere-poussiere-toxique-119486\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Futura Sciences<\/a>, la situation de la mer d\u2019Aral pourrait \u00eatre le pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 d\u2019autres d\u00e9sastres hydriques \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autrefois le quatri\u00e8me plus grand lac du monde, la mer d\u2019Aral a presque totalement disparu. \u00c0 sa place, un d\u00e9sert [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":"","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"Autrefois parmi les plus grands lacs du monde, il n\u2019en reste aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019un d\u00e9sert aride.","rank_math_canonical_url":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"lac"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-voyage"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25243,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25241\/revisions\/25243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulysse.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}